Chapter 9: Enabling the Organization- Decision Making

          Hyee, assalamualaikum and very good day to all of us. May today, tomorrow or even a future become a bless day for us :)

 

          Today we will discuss on decision making topic. A company will not have a future if it is not cultivating strategies for tomorrow. Decision making is one of the most challenging aspects in management. Decision making must be taken almost every day which its range are started from routine choices to unexpected ones. 

           To be short and simple the whole topic of decision making are as below:

 

 

                  Artificial Intelligence:

·         AI simulates human thinking and behaviour, such as the ability to reason and learn.

·         Its ultimate goal is to build a system that can mimic human intelligence.

·         Its increase the speed and consistency of decision making

·         Solve problems with incomplete information and etc.

Chapter 8: Accessing Organizational Information – Data Warehouse

“Even a rock moves on.”

Anthony Liccione

so what are we waiting for ? lets move forward to our next chapter which is

CHAPTER

Accessing Organizational Information  – Data Warehouse

1. Data Warehouse Fundamentals:
   - data warehouse :
   
   * a logical collection of information * gathered from many different operational databases* supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks * The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes

         - extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) :

        * a process that extracts information from internal and external databases
        * transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions
        * loads the information into a data warehouse

         - data mart :
        * contains a subset of data warehouse information

 example of ETL :



 2. Multidimensional Analysis and Data Mining:

      - Cube :
   
     * common term for the representation of multidimensional information

     - data mining : 

       * process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

    - data mining tools :

       * a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infer rules from them that predict future behavior and guide decision making

3.  Information Cleansing or Scrubbing :

      - process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information

4.  Business Intelligence :

     - applications and technologies that are used to gather, provide access to, and analyze data and information to support decision-making efforts

-   Principle BI enablers include

    * Technology
    * People    * Culture



example of business intelligence : 

감사합니다
σας ευχαριστώ

gratias tibi,

ขอขอบคุณคุณ

thank you

terima kasih



Chapter 7 : Storing Organizational Information- Databases

moving to this chapter 7, 

holla, hye and assalamualiakum :) meet me again in this 7th's chapter !

a quote for today that i want to share is 

 "Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value."

Albert Einstein 

so, that the quote for today, to be a man value, lets start studying, because a person without knowledge is nobody because everything need knowledge in this 20th century.

Relational Database Fundamentals :

• Hierarchical database model - information is organized into a tree-like structure that allows repeating information using parents or child relationship in such a way that it cannot have too many relationship. It will were widely used in the first mainframe databases managements systems. 
• Network database model - is a flexibility way of representing objects and their relationship. 
• Relational databases model - is a type of databases that store information in the form of logically related two dimensional tables. Two dimensional means that in one web or network we can know many things in many way not just focus in one section. For example, Facebook social network is not focus only in one function but in Facebook if we click in other function the pages will proceed to other function in the same time without need to open new tab.

below are the illustration of above database :

network database model

relational database model

Entities And Attributes :

•    Entity – a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored    - The rows in each table contains the entities

•  Attributes (fields, columns) – characteristics or properties of an entity class- The columns in each table contain the attributes

Key and Relationship :

• Primary key – a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
• Foreign key – a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables

  

Relational Database Advantages :

• Database advantages from a business perspective include
  –     Increased flexibility–     Increased scalability and performance–     Reduced information redundancy–     Increased information integrity (quality)–     Increased information security

Database Management System :

• Database management systems (DBMS) 
  – software through which users and application programs interact with a database

       

Data-Driven Web Site Business Advantages :

• the advantages of data-driven web site business are as below-  Development
  - Content management
  - Future expandability
  - Minimizing human error
  - Cutting production and update costs

Example Of Business Intelligence : 

business intelligence in data-driven websites

                                                     

thank you, till we meet again :)

xoxo :D

Project Focus :)

Norzulaiha Bt. Alias

Noor Asniza Bt. Asmaddin

Ayuliza Bt. Kasim

Nurul Aisyah Bt. Ahmanul

Nur Atila Bt. Abdul Rahman

Putri Azizuhainee Bt. Mohd. Khalid

 

Question :

We know that people use information technology to work with information. Knowing this, how could these types of errors occur? What could happen if you decided to use Facebook to collect information intelligence for a research paper? What could Facebook do to help prevent these types of errors?

 

Here are some references to determine whether the information obtain is a good or bad; 

 

 

 

Problems that may occur:

 

Facebook is a website that is generally open to all.  The information can be easily falsify and does not need to be filtered. Thus, why the information is not credible for the use of a research. The information obtain may not be true or valid and may not be based on facts. Furthermore, the information at facebook may be biased as it is based on ones opinion and perception. Lastly, we have no way to insure that the information that is posted on facebook is valid as for we do not know the sources of information and its credibility.

 

Prevention that Facebook may do to prevent these problems:

Facebook should filter the information posted on their website or increase its security by valuating its information and sources.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 6 : Valuing Organizational Information

"Living in dreams of yesterday, we find ourselves still dreaming of impossible future conquests."

Charles Lindbergh 

"stop dreaming and lets move forward"

 me, 2014 :)

ermm its just in a few week and now we are in the new chapter which is chapter 6, which discussing about; Valuing Organizational Information.

1st of all we will discuss about organizational information. What is organizational information ? this diagram might make us clear about it :)

next, the diagram below shows the comparison between the value of transaction and analytical information.

we also need to know about values of quality information. Example for quality informations are:

on the other hand, the four primary sources of low quality information that we should know are:

• Online customers intentionally enter inaccurate information to protect their privacy.
• Different systems have different infomartion entry standards and formats.
• Call center operators enter abbreviated or erroneous information by accident or to save time.
• Third-party and external information contains inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and errors.
• 
  

last but not least, in this chapter we have to understanding the cost of poor information. The example are as below :

• Inability to accurately track customers, which directly affects strategic initiatives such as CRM and SCM.
• Difficulty identifying the organization's most valuable customers.
• Inability to identify selling opportunities and wasted revenue from marketing to nonexisting customers and nondeliverable mail.
• Difficulty tracking revenue because of inaccurate invoices.
• Inability to built strong relationship with customers-which increases buyer power.

Chapter 5: Organizational Structures That Support Strategic Initiatives

CHAPTER 5

Lets discover our next chapter which is chapter 5 "Organizational Structures That Support Strategic Initiatives" 

In this chapter it is important to understand the duties of roles of   CIO,  CTO, CSO, CPO,  CKO, The gap between business personnel and IT personnel, and Organizational fundamentals - ethics and security.




The Responsibility of CIO, CTO, CSO, CPO, and CKO :

• Chief information officer (CIO) - responsible for overseeing all uses of information technology and ensuring the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives
1. Manager - ensure the delivery of all IT projects on time and within the budget
2. Leader - ensure the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization
3. Communicator - advocate and communication that IT strategy by building and maintaining strong executive relationships
• Chief technology officer (CTO) - ensuring the throughout,speed, accuracy, availability,and reliability of an organization's information technology
• Chief security officer (CSO) - ensuring the securities of IT systems and developing strategies and IT safeguards against attacks from hackers and viruses
• Chief privacy officer (CPO) - ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization
• Chief knowledge officer (CKO) - responsible to collect, maintain and distribute the organization's knowledge

The Gap Between Business Personnel and IT Personnel

• Business personnel - posses expertise in functional areas such as marketing, accounting, sales, and so forth
• IT personnel - the technological expertise

Organizational Fundamentals - Ethics and Security

1.    Ethics - the principles and standards that guide our behaviour toward other people

2.   Privacy - right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent

that all for this chapter! see you soon 

xoxo :D 

Chapter 4: Measuring The Success Of Strategic Initiative

   hyeee :)  now we meet again to discuss about this chapter 4. Chapter 4 is about  measuring the success of strategic initiative. What is all about ?

there are a few important point in these chapter which is :

 a) MEASURING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S SUCCESS ;

1.           Key performance indicator is a measures that are tied to business drivers
2.           Metrics are detailed measures that feed KPIs
3.           Performance metrics fall into the nebulous area of business intelligence that is neither technology, nor business centered, but requires input from both IT and business professionals

b)  EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS

1. 
   
1.         Efficiency IT metric – measures the performance of the IT system itself including throughput, speed, and availability
2.         Effectiveness IT metric – measures the impact IT has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversion rates, and sell-through increases

Common types of efficiency IT metrics

Common types of effectiveness IT metrics

c)  METRICS FOR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES

·         Website metrics.

·         Supply chain management (SCM) metrics

·         Customer relationship management (CRM) metrics

·         Business process reengineering (BPR) metrics and Enterprise resource planning (ERP) metrics 

** Balanced scorecard- a management system, in addition to a measurement system, that enables                 organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action.

thank you :)

xoxo :D